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Markets, Fed Signals, and the Energy Policy Wrecking Ball
MacroMashup Newsletter

Markets, Fed Signals, and the Energy Policy Wrecking Ball

NVIDIA Delivers. The Fed Waits. Congress Cuts Clean Tech.

May 30, 2025
Neil Winward

Author:

Neil Winward

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Founder and CEO

of

Dakota Ridge Capital

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    NVIDIA earnings took center stage. Powell stayed steady. Trump swung a hammer at clean energy. And bond investors in the U.S. and Japan are getting nervous for very different reasons.

    Welcome back to MacroMashup—the sharpest 7-minute read in macro. No fluff. Just signal.

    NVIDIA: The New Fed Day for Tech?

    Forget Powell, Wall Street’s real Fed Day this week was NVIDIA’s earnings call.

    • Revenue: $44.06B, up 69% YoY
    • Gross profit: $26.7B (60.5% margin)
    • Net income: $18.8B (including a $4.5B charge on Trump-era export restrictions)
    • Data center growth: +73%

    Markets treated NVIDIA as a proxy for:

    • AI investment cycles
    • Big Tech capex
    • Global sentiment on semiconductors, especially China’s $50B AI market

    Despite risks, implied volatility was down (-7.4%), well below historical norms (-11.4%).

    CEO Jensen Huang = dynamic signal.

    Trump = chaotic noise.

    Powell = steady… but surprisingly volatile.

    (86% of S&P rallies follow rate cuts. Powell drives more volatility than his predecessors.)

    Not Everyone’s Impressed by Powell

    Former Dallas Fed insider Danielle DiMartino Booth argues the Fed is already behind the curve:

    • Recession began in Q1 2024 (according to her metrics)
    • Bankruptcies now match 2008 levels
    • Household delinquencies are spiking
    • Credit conditions are tightening
    • Small business sentiment collapsing

    Her view:

    • Rates must drop to 2%—now
    • Fed should shift from lagging data to real-time metrics
    • Delays risk systemic damage

    One take? Yes. A smart one? Absolutely.

    Are Tariffs Really Inflationary? Not Always.

    The common narrative says yes. The data says… maybe not.

    • Substitution & demand destruction keep prices in check
    • Trump-era tariffs = short-term supply shock, not long-term inflation
    • Goldman Sachs projects PCE inflation peaking at 3.5% in 2025, easing to 2.6% in 2026

    But margins get squeezed. Labor takes the hit.

    Breaking: The U.S. Court of International Trade just ruled that Trump overstepped his authority under the 1977 emergency law. Some tariffs will be unwound within 10 days.

    Breaking (Part 2)
    : A Federal Appeals Court allows tariffs to stay in effect…for now. Calling the Supremes.

    Lousy Bond Auctions

    Japan & U.S. Bond Investors are in a bad mood:

    • The 20-year and 40-year JGB (Japanese Government Bonds) auctions (May 2025) saw the lowest demand since July 2024, amid concerns over fiscal sustainability.
    • Yields surged: 20-year 2.56%; 30-year JGB yields hit 3.14%, while 40-year yields spiked to 3.6%**, all-time highs.
    • The U.S. is worse: 10-year yields are above 4.5%, and long-term yields (20- and 30-year) jump above 5%.

    Same result, different reasons:

    Net International Investment Position (NIIP): Structural Divergence

    • Japan = world’s largest creditor—owns $3.48 trillion more in foreign assets than foreign owns Japanese assets.
    • U.S. = world’s largest debtor—foreigners own $26 trillion more U.S. assets than the U.S. owns foreign assets.
    • It’s all about persistent trade surpluses for Japan and opposite for the U.S.
    • Japan’s Debt/GDP ratio is way higher than the U.S., but adjusting for the NIIP…

    Japan’s problem?

    • Aging population.
    • Policy uncertainty.

    U.S. problem?

    • Political gridlock.
    • Lack of political will to fix the deficit.
    • Running out of investors to buy its debt.

    Bigger problem?

    • Declining confidence in USD and fiat systems.
    • China and BRICS are building BRICS Pay, which threatens the USD and SWIFT—it settles in 7 seconds.

    Clean Energy Just Got Hit With a Sledgehammer

    The House passed the One Big, Beautiful Bill—and it slashed many of the Inflation Reduction Act’s signature green incentives:

    Clean Energy Production/Investment Credits:

    • Immediate termination, unless construction starts within 60 days of enactment and operation by 12/31/28.

    Residential/Commercial Energy Credits

    • Expire for property placed in service after 12/31/25—ends third-party leasing.

    EV Credits and Chargers

    • Ends for most EVs and chargers after 12/31/25—limited exception for some EVs until 12/31/26.

    Advanced Manufacturing Credit (45X)

    • Phaseout by 2032.
    • Transferability ends after 2027.

    Clean Fuel Credit (45Z)

    • Extended to 2031.
    • Stricter sourcing and emissions rules.
    • Transferability ends after 2027.

    Nuclear Incentives (45U)

    • Maintained/enhanced.
    • No phaseout until 2031.

    New "Foreign Entity of Concern" (FEOC) restrictions

    • Limit foreign ownership and control in U.S. clean energy projects, primarily targeting Chinese involvement.
    • Effective 1/1/26.

    The bill now moves to the Senate, where substantial amendments are expected/hoped for—unless Trump can strongarm Senators too…

    In the Markets: Who’s Right—Danielle or Darius?

    Two respected voices. Two different reads on the economy.

    Danielle DiMartino Booth

    • Sees hard data turning south: bankruptcies, job losses, loan delinquencies
    • Believes a recession already started
    • Advocates for urgent cuts

    Darius Dale

    • Says soft data is noisy, but the hard data remains solid
    • Sees fiscal and monetary stimulus holding the floor
    • Follows a signal-based investment system, and puts money behind it

    Lesson?

    Without a system, you’re just reacting to headlines. And that’s a losing strategy.

    If your only signal is your newsfeed or podcast queue, you’re trading blind.

    Weekly charts + market data.

    🎧 Want to hear both sides? We’ve linked Danielle’s and Darius’s latest interviews here:

    How do you decide who’s right?

    Darius Dale manages money, his own included, based on the signals his system provides. Here is his take.

    Danielle DiMartino Booth advises money managers. Check out her viewpoints here.

    Who Owes What To Whom

    Market charts this week are largely “unch”: up, down, leadership changes, capital rotation etc.

    This one, though, is worth a look. The blue line—massively negative at $26 trillion—is the net international investment position of the U.S. compared to the rest of the world.

    America is truly exceptional…

    Enjoyed this newsletter? Get Involved.

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      Neil Winward

      Neil Winward is the founding partner of Dakota Ridge Captial, helping investors, developers, banks, non-profits, and family offices unlock massive tax savings - on average of 7%- 10% - via clean energy investments by fully leveraging U.S. government incentives such the Inflation Reduction Act.

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      When the Price Mechanism Breaks: What the Simon–Ehrlich Bet Gets Wrong About AI
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      When the Price Mechanism Breaks: What the Simon–Ehrlich Bet Gets Wrong About AI

      Neil Winward

      Why capital misprices time-based energy constraints in the age of exponential compute.

      In 1980, Julian Simon made one of the most famous bets in economic history.

      He bet that human ingenuity would defeat scarcity.

      Paul Ehrlich bet the opposite.

      Simon won.

      Commodity prices fell.

      Technology advanced.

      Supply responded.

      The lesson became doctrine:

      When prices rise, markets fix shortages.

      That belief now underpins trillions of dollars in capital allocation.

      It also underpins the AI boom.

      But here’s the question investors are not asking:

      What happens when prices can’t fix the bottleneck?

      This week, we’re not debating AI.

      We’re not debating energy transition.

      We’re not debating scarcity narratives.

      We’re examining something deeper:

      When does the price mechanism stop working — and what does that mean for portfolio construction?

      Inside this issue:

      • Where Simon still works
      • Where the mechanism slows
      • Where it structurally fails
      • And how to allocate when constraint becomes time-based, not price-based

      Because in 2026, the edge is not identifying demand.

      It’s identifying where capital hits physical delay.

      Continue reading for the full allocator framework.

      Read More
      When Bridges Become Collateral
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      When Bridges Become Collateral

      Neil Winward

      The Yen Carry Wobbles, China Steps Back, and Sovereign Duration Stops Feeling Frictionless

      Welcome to MacroMashup — where we track the plumbing beneath the headlines.

      We focus on funding markets, sovereign balance sheets, and the structural flows that determine which assets become collateral — and which become narratives.

      If you’re new here, subscribe for weekly macro breakdowns that connect policy, capital flows, and portfolio positioning — before the consequences become obvious.

      Calm Surface, Cracked Foundations

      This week’s macro tape looks calm on the surface.

      The Fed is in blackout mode, parked at 3.50–3.75%. No new dot plot. No press conference shock. Just a steady drip of inflation and labor data for markets to over-interpret.

      There is good and bad in the delayed non-farm payrolls numbers:

      • Good enough to push back on imminent recession/hard-landing narratives (headline beat, unemployment down, participation up).
      • Not good enough to erase the story of a materially cooled labor market once you incorporate the 2025 revisions (-900k) and very narrow sector leadership.
      • For markets: bullish for near-term risk sentiment vs "jobs scare" scenarios, but mildly bearish for front-end duration versus hopes of rapid cuts, with a tilt toward a slow-grind softening rather than a cliff.
      • January is a volatile month, and not that reliable.

      Equities rotate instead of breaking, though the AI scare continues to create anxiety at the white-collar end. The market is beginning to try picking winners and losers.

      The 10-year chops around.

      Nobody says they’re de-risking — but positioning keeps getting tighter.

      Then geopolitics delivers peak 2026 energy: a political standoff over a literal bridge.

      The Gordie Howe International Bridge — one of the most important trade crossings between Detroit and Windsor — is now a bargaining chip. The White House is threatening to block its opening unless the U.S. gets a “better deal,” up to and including revisiting permits.

      When a concrete span becomes leverage, you’re being reminded of something bigger:

      Critical infrastructure is no longer sacred.

      It’s collateral.

      Under the surface, the real story isn’t about bridges.

      It’s about who funds what — and who stops funding it.

      In this week’s Deep Dive for paid readers, we examine:

      • Why the yen carry trade just lost its training wheels
      • Why Japan’s bond market is no longer “sleepy”
      • Why China is quietly telling banks to temper Treasury exposure
      • And what happens when sovereign duration stops feeling frictionless

      Bitcoin bled lower this week, behaving less like digital gold and more like a liquidity-sensitive risk asset. Hard assets are beginning to diverge — some are collateral, some are narrative.

      The system is quietly repricing the difference.

      Read More
      Global Energy: Narrative vs. Reality
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      Global Energy: Narrative vs. Reality

      Neil Winward

      Markets price stories. Energy prices physics. MacroMashup cuts through hype, coal reality, policy, and capital flows.

      Welcome to MacroMashup

      A systems-level briefing on markets, energy, geopolitics, and capital flows.

      MacroMashup is not a news recap.

      We don’t chase headlines, hot takes, or moral theater. We focus on constraints — the physical, financial, and political limits that actually shape markets before narratives catch up.

      Each edition connects:

      • Macro policy and market structure
      • Energy, infrastructure, and industrial reality
      • Capital flows across assets, regions, and regimes

      The goal isn’t prediction.

      It’s orientation — so you can see regime shifts forming while others are still arguing about stories.

      If you’re new here, start with the free section below.

      👉 Subscribe to MacroMashup to receive:

      • Weekly free macro briefings
      • Member-only deep dives into energy, policy, and capital allocation
      • Private audio notes framing how to read the week calmly

      Paid members get the full analysis, charts, and portfolio-level implications.

      Markets are trading stories. Energy is trading physics.

      The Fed met this week with one objective: don’t spook anyone.

      Policy remains nominally unchanged. The language is softer. Powell is stuck in the narrow corridor where inflation isn’t dead, growth isn’t dead — but political tolerance for pain very much is. The only thing reporters really wanted to talk about wasn’t policy at all. It was politics…

      And, it was succession.

      Rick Rieder at BlackRock is now widely seen as the front-runner to replace Powell, a signal that markets are already gaming the next regime rather than listening to the current one.

      Equities keep floating higher for the same reason they’ve been floating all year: relative attractiveness. Compared to everything else on the menu, stocks still look like the least-ugly chaos hedge.

      The real tell isn’t in equities.

      It’s in shiny rocks.

      • Gold north of $5,000 and silver above $110 isn’t about CPI prints. It’s about trust.
      • Central banks keep accumulating quietly.
      • Retail is finally noticing.
      • And silver’s industrial role in AI, solar, and electrification is turning a “store of value” into a supply-chain bottleneck.

      Meanwhile, Minnesota has become the unwilling focal point of America’s immigration psychodrama.

      The killing of Alex Pretti — an ICU nurse and U.S. citizen — by federal immigration officers in Minneapolis detonated a narrative shift. After video evidence dismantled the initial “terrorist” framing, the administration pivoted fast: reviews announced, Tom Homan dispatched, language softened.

      State officials are suing. Judges are weighing restraining orders. Even some Republicans are blinking at the optics.

      Layer in South Korea slow-rolling U.S. investment commitments — and getting tariff threats in response — and you’re watching an administration try to be pro-market, pro-tariff, tough on immigration, and allergic to viral video all at once.

      Then there’s industrial policy.

      Washington just wrote another check into the rare-earths casino: up to $277 million in direct support, plus a potential $1.3 billion in additional backing for USA Rare Earth — in exchange for equity and warrants. Venture logic, sovereign balance sheet.

      So where does that leave us?

      Here’s the MacroMashup snapshot:

      • Macro regime: shifting from “central banks in charge” to “fiscal math in charge.” Bond markets are slowly realizing they’re financing deficits politics won’t fix.
      • Policy reality: the tightening narrative is over. De-facto gradual monetization is in. Structurally negative real rates remain the path of least resistance.
      • Asset implications:
        • Tailwinds for hard assets, energy, commodities, and durable cash-flow businesses
        • Bitcoin should benefit eventually — but hasn’t yet
        • Headwinds for long-duration paper claims dependent on stable real yields
      • Market behavior:
        • Mega-caps and Treasuries can levitate on flows and AI narratives
        • Breadth is improving beneath the Mag 7
        • Volatility shocks are becoming a feature, not a bug
      • Capital rotation: slow but real movement away from concentrated U.S. duration risk toward:
        • Energy and commodities
        • Geographically diversified real assets
        • Balance sheets built for financial repression, not perfection

      That’s the surface.

      Now let’s dig into where the energy story breaks down — and why the narrative no longer matches the operating system.

      Read More
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