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Economic Déjà Vu: The Fallout of a Tariff-Driven Trade War
MacroMashup Newsletter

Economic Déjà Vu: The Fallout of a Tariff-Driven Trade War

How We Got Here And How We Get Out

Apr 11, 2025
Neil Winward

Author:

Neil Winward

|

Founder and CEO

of

Dakota Ridge Capital

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    Economic Déjà Vu: The Fallout of a Tariff-Driven Trade War
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    Welcome to Macro Mashup, the weekly newsletter that distills the content from key voices on macroeconomics, geopolitics, and energy in less than 7 minutes. Thank you for subscribing!

    Macro Mashup aims to bring together the greatest minds in Finance and Economics who care deeply about current U.S. and international affairs. We study the latest news and laws that affect our economy, money, and lives, so you don't have to.

    Tune in to our channels and join our newsletter, podcast, or community to stay informed so you can make smarter decisions to protect your wealth.

    Why Do We Need A Reset?

    What Was The Deal After WW2?

    • Post-WWII U.S. Dominance: With unmatched economic strength, military power, and geographic advantage, the U.S. took the lead in shaping the postwar world order.
    • Bretton Woods Conference (1944): The U.S. led 44 allied nations to create a new financial system anchored by institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and IBRD, placing the U.S. dollar at the center of global trade.
    • Trade and Security Framework: The U.S. Navy secured global trade routes. Meanwhile, the U.S. rebuilt devastated economies like Germany and Japan—buying their exports to jumpstart growth and ensure prosperity.
    • Cold War Bargain: In return for economic support, U.S. allies were expected to align with the West in countering Soviet communism.
    • Gold Standard: The Bretton Woods system linked global currencies to the U.S. dollar, which was convertible to gold at $35/oz—a system that worked as long as the U.S. held most of the world’s gold.
    • Built-In Trade Deficit: With the USD as the global reserve currency, countries sold goods to the U.S. and accumulated dollars, resulting in America's persistent structural trade deficit.
    • Challenges to U.S. Dominance: As Europe and Japan recovered, U.S. dominance began to wane. Simultaneously, the cost of the Vietnam War and domestic spending like the Great Society strained U.S. finances.
    • End of Gold Standard (1971): Mounting inflation and gold outflows prompted President Nixon to end gold convertibility, ushering in the era of floating exchange rates and fiat currencies.
    • China’s Reentry: Initially excluded due to Taiwan’s role in Bretton Woods institutions, China began warming ties with the U.S. in the 1970s and formally joined in 1980.
    • Rise of China: 2001 China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). The West hoped it would liberalize and modernize.
    • Instead:
      • China became the world’s manufacturing base,
      • Western corporations offshored production to boost profits,
      • China aggressively harvested intellectual property to fuel its industrial ascent.

    Where We Have Ended Up

    Decades later, the consequences of these shifts are painfully clear:

    • U.S. manufacturing has been hollowed out
    • Entitlement spending continues to balloon
    • Defense budgets fund never-ending foreign entanglements
    • The U.S. runs chronic trade deficits, deepening dependence on foreign suppliers—especially China—for:
      • Critical medical supplies (remember COVID-19?)
      • Components essential to U.S. military hardware

    Meanwhile, through successive financial crises and a global pandemic, we’ve:

    • Grown dependent on the Federal Reserve to bail out markets during every downturn,
    • Lived through extended periods of zero or near-zero interest rates, allowing asset holders to borrow cheaply and build wealth,
    • Racked up $36 trillion in national debt, with annual deficits now approaching $2 trillion and rising fast.
    • We have $140 trillion in wealth
    • But it’s not distributed evenly
    Image
    • The bottom 50%—a large cohort of Trump’s base—does not care if the stock market gets turned upside down.

    The Reset Is Intended to Benefit Main Street, Not Wall Street

    What Has Trump Done?

    • He has placed a $10 trillion bet on reshaping the economy.
    • His tariff strategy is blunt yet transparent—a high-stakes attempt to reset global trade rules.
    • The plan? Use access to the U.S. market as leverage, offering the carrot of trade opportunity in exchange for “fairer” terms.
    • His endgame is to redraw the global trade map into three camps:
      • Nations aligned with the U.S.
      • Nations that are neutral
      • Nations that have elected into trade tension with the U.S.

    What Does He Hope To Achieve?

    • Fairer trade terms: Many countries have long imposed tariffs on U.S. goods. Trump’s position is that it’s payback time.
    • A sense of justice: Like the NFL player who retaliates and gets the penalty, Trump argues that he’s not the instigator, just the one finally pushing back.
    • A revival of domestic manufacturing: An ambitious goal with bi-partisan support.

    Is The Method Worth The Madness?

    • Markets recoiled largely because the tariff levels were shockingly high—and markets hate surprises.
    • The negotiating style is classic Trump: aim high, create chaos, and force the other side to the table.
    • But the tone is aggressive, bordering on hostile. Countries have two options: retaliate or fold—neither inspiring goodwill.
    • It’s less of a negotiation and more of a geopolitical standoff—Trump is holding the world to ransom
    • Either:
      • Trump’s a genius
      • Trump caved to the bond vigilantes

    In The Markets

    Let’s dig into some charts.

    Mood: Bloodbath to Bubblebath?

    April 9, 2025 was the most successful day in stock markets since 2008.

    April 10 was less reassuring:

    The Bond Vigilantes had their way and forced Trump to cave…or he’s a genius.

    Finally, credit spreads pay attention

    But now something else is happening:

    The 10-year yield is heading in the opposite direction from the USD, suggesting that something may still be rotten in the markets.

    What’s The Spin?

    The Trump administration argues that the president is a genius. He fired the tariff canon and waited for a week.

    Tariffs bit at midnight on April 8, 2025 - drum roll.

    75 nations offered to negotiate. China raised the stakes, and Trump doubled down on China.

    The stock market freaked. No problem.

    Then, the U.S. Treasury market started to go on tilt, and someone told Trump that it would melt the planet.

    So he told the Bond vigilantes he had their backs—just watch me. I bet he didn’t use the Watergate recorded line for that…

    The 10-year auction went great, and vigilantes got some tasty yields.

    Then Trump tweeted the rabbit from the hat: tariffs for those who played nicely were delayed for 90 days. Not China, though—bad China!

    The stock market gapped up. Hostage or genius? You tell me.

    What Should You Do?

    If you are confused, you are in good company:

    The turnaround took 75 minutes.

    This is your playbook for the next 90 days:

    1. Pay attention to Truth Social—it’s your best source.
    2. Don’t place big bets on market direction.
    3. Place your stop loss/stop limits/puts carefully to protect your downside.
    4. Sell into rallies—buy the dip, sell the rip.
    5. Simplify your portfolio so you understand what you have.
    6. Remember that bear markets return stocks to their rightful owners—don’t give yours away.

    What’s Next/What To Follow

    If you want a 15-minute breakdown of what one experienced investor thinks might be going on with Trump and the markets, go no farther than this excellent piece from Mark Tilbury

    This podcast by Adam Taggart has an intereview with Lawrence Lepard (@LawrenceLepard on X) where they discuss Lawrence’s latest book, The Big Print.

    The first half of the book diagnoses how we got into the situation that needs resetting. The second half proposes some quite radical solutions.

    Five Ways To Support MacroMashup

    1. If you are interested in clean energy investment advisory services, book a complimentary call here
    2. Please subscribe to our new YouTube channel - or support our audio podcast by following us on Spotify or Apple - we appreciate your support!
    3. If you'd like me to be a guest on your podcast or guest blog about clean energy or macroeconomics, send an email to contact@macromashup.com
    4. Share this newsletter on X here
    5. If you enjoy this newsletter, please email it to a friend by clicking on the button below.
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      Neil Winward

      Neil Winward is the founding partner of Dakota Ridge Captial, helping investors, developers, banks, non-profits, and family offices unlock massive tax savings - on average of 7%- 10% - via clean energy investments by fully leveraging U.S. government incentives such the Inflation Reduction Act.

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      When the Price Mechanism Breaks: What the Simon–Ehrlich Bet Gets Wrong About AI
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      When the Price Mechanism Breaks: What the Simon–Ehrlich Bet Gets Wrong About AI

      Neil Winward

      Why capital misprices time-based energy constraints in the age of exponential compute.

      In 1980, Julian Simon made one of the most famous bets in economic history.

      He bet that human ingenuity would defeat scarcity.

      Paul Ehrlich bet the opposite.

      Simon won.

      Commodity prices fell.

      Technology advanced.

      Supply responded.

      The lesson became doctrine:

      When prices rise, markets fix shortages.

      That belief now underpins trillions of dollars in capital allocation.

      It also underpins the AI boom.

      But here’s the question investors are not asking:

      What happens when prices can’t fix the bottleneck?

      This week, we’re not debating AI.

      We’re not debating energy transition.

      We’re not debating scarcity narratives.

      We’re examining something deeper:

      When does the price mechanism stop working — and what does that mean for portfolio construction?

      Inside this issue:

      • Where Simon still works
      • Where the mechanism slows
      • Where it structurally fails
      • And how to allocate when constraint becomes time-based, not price-based

      Because in 2026, the edge is not identifying demand.

      It’s identifying where capital hits physical delay.

      Continue reading for the full allocator framework.

      Read More
      When Bridges Become Collateral
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      When Bridges Become Collateral

      Neil Winward

      The Yen Carry Wobbles, China Steps Back, and Sovereign Duration Stops Feeling Frictionless

      Welcome to MacroMashup — where we track the plumbing beneath the headlines.

      We focus on funding markets, sovereign balance sheets, and the structural flows that determine which assets become collateral — and which become narratives.

      If you’re new here, subscribe for weekly macro breakdowns that connect policy, capital flows, and portfolio positioning — before the consequences become obvious.

      Calm Surface, Cracked Foundations

      This week’s macro tape looks calm on the surface.

      The Fed is in blackout mode, parked at 3.50–3.75%. No new dot plot. No press conference shock. Just a steady drip of inflation and labor data for markets to over-interpret.

      There is good and bad in the delayed non-farm payrolls numbers:

      • Good enough to push back on imminent recession/hard-landing narratives (headline beat, unemployment down, participation up).
      • Not good enough to erase the story of a materially cooled labor market once you incorporate the 2025 revisions (-900k) and very narrow sector leadership.
      • For markets: bullish for near-term risk sentiment vs "jobs scare" scenarios, but mildly bearish for front-end duration versus hopes of rapid cuts, with a tilt toward a slow-grind softening rather than a cliff.
      • January is a volatile month, and not that reliable.

      Equities rotate instead of breaking, though the AI scare continues to create anxiety at the white-collar end. The market is beginning to try picking winners and losers.

      The 10-year chops around.

      Nobody says they’re de-risking — but positioning keeps getting tighter.

      Then geopolitics delivers peak 2026 energy: a political standoff over a literal bridge.

      The Gordie Howe International Bridge — one of the most important trade crossings between Detroit and Windsor — is now a bargaining chip. The White House is threatening to block its opening unless the U.S. gets a “better deal,” up to and including revisiting permits.

      When a concrete span becomes leverage, you’re being reminded of something bigger:

      Critical infrastructure is no longer sacred.

      It’s collateral.

      Under the surface, the real story isn’t about bridges.

      It’s about who funds what — and who stops funding it.

      In this week’s Deep Dive for paid readers, we examine:

      • Why the yen carry trade just lost its training wheels
      • Why Japan’s bond market is no longer “sleepy”
      • Why China is quietly telling banks to temper Treasury exposure
      • And what happens when sovereign duration stops feeling frictionless

      Bitcoin bled lower this week, behaving less like digital gold and more like a liquidity-sensitive risk asset. Hard assets are beginning to diverge — some are collateral, some are narrative.

      The system is quietly repricing the difference.

      Read More
      Global Energy: Narrative vs. Reality
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      Global Energy: Narrative vs. Reality

      Neil Winward

      Markets price stories. Energy prices physics. MacroMashup cuts through hype, coal reality, policy, and capital flows.

      Welcome to MacroMashup

      A systems-level briefing on markets, energy, geopolitics, and capital flows.

      MacroMashup is not a news recap.

      We don’t chase headlines, hot takes, or moral theater. We focus on constraints — the physical, financial, and political limits that actually shape markets before narratives catch up.

      Each edition connects:

      • Macro policy and market structure
      • Energy, infrastructure, and industrial reality
      • Capital flows across assets, regions, and regimes

      The goal isn’t prediction.

      It’s orientation — so you can see regime shifts forming while others are still arguing about stories.

      If you’re new here, start with the free section below.

      👉 Subscribe to MacroMashup to receive:

      • Weekly free macro briefings
      • Member-only deep dives into energy, policy, and capital allocation
      • Private audio notes framing how to read the week calmly

      Paid members get the full analysis, charts, and portfolio-level implications.

      Markets are trading stories. Energy is trading physics.

      The Fed met this week with one objective: don’t spook anyone.

      Policy remains nominally unchanged. The language is softer. Powell is stuck in the narrow corridor where inflation isn’t dead, growth isn’t dead — but political tolerance for pain very much is. The only thing reporters really wanted to talk about wasn’t policy at all. It was politics…

      And, it was succession.

      Rick Rieder at BlackRock is now widely seen as the front-runner to replace Powell, a signal that markets are already gaming the next regime rather than listening to the current one.

      Equities keep floating higher for the same reason they’ve been floating all year: relative attractiveness. Compared to everything else on the menu, stocks still look like the least-ugly chaos hedge.

      The real tell isn’t in equities.

      It’s in shiny rocks.

      • Gold north of $5,000 and silver above $110 isn’t about CPI prints. It’s about trust.
      • Central banks keep accumulating quietly.
      • Retail is finally noticing.
      • And silver’s industrial role in AI, solar, and electrification is turning a “store of value” into a supply-chain bottleneck.

      Meanwhile, Minnesota has become the unwilling focal point of America’s immigration psychodrama.

      The killing of Alex Pretti — an ICU nurse and U.S. citizen — by federal immigration officers in Minneapolis detonated a narrative shift. After video evidence dismantled the initial “terrorist” framing, the administration pivoted fast: reviews announced, Tom Homan dispatched, language softened.

      State officials are suing. Judges are weighing restraining orders. Even some Republicans are blinking at the optics.

      Layer in South Korea slow-rolling U.S. investment commitments — and getting tariff threats in response — and you’re watching an administration try to be pro-market, pro-tariff, tough on immigration, and allergic to viral video all at once.

      Then there’s industrial policy.

      Washington just wrote another check into the rare-earths casino: up to $277 million in direct support, plus a potential $1.3 billion in additional backing for USA Rare Earth — in exchange for equity and warrants. Venture logic, sovereign balance sheet.

      So where does that leave us?

      Here’s the MacroMashup snapshot:

      • Macro regime: shifting from “central banks in charge” to “fiscal math in charge.” Bond markets are slowly realizing they’re financing deficits politics won’t fix.
      • Policy reality: the tightening narrative is over. De-facto gradual monetization is in. Structurally negative real rates remain the path of least resistance.
      • Asset implications:
        • Tailwinds for hard assets, energy, commodities, and durable cash-flow businesses
        • Bitcoin should benefit eventually — but hasn’t yet
        • Headwinds for long-duration paper claims dependent on stable real yields
      • Market behavior:
        • Mega-caps and Treasuries can levitate on flows and AI narratives
        • Breadth is improving beneath the Mag 7
        • Volatility shocks are becoming a feature, not a bug
      • Capital rotation: slow but real movement away from concentrated U.S. duration risk toward:
        • Energy and commodities
        • Geographically diversified real assets
        • Balance sheets built for financial repression, not perfection

      That’s the surface.

      Now let’s dig into where the energy story breaks down — and why the narrative no longer matches the operating system.

      Read More
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