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The Real Challenge in Climate Isn’t Carbon. It’s Capital
MacroMashup Newsletter

The Real Challenge in Climate Isn’t Carbon. It’s Capital

Clean energy wins when the math works—and the math is finally working.

Nov 5, 2025
Neil Winward

Author:

Neil Winward

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Founder and CEO

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Dakota Ridge Capital

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    Bill Gates Is Right About Climate—But Here’s the Part Most People Miss

    Bill Gates recently published an essay called “Three Tough Truths About Climate.”

    It’s one of the rare climate pieces that is both data-driven and realistic, without the panic theater.

    The central point is simple:

    Climate change will not lead to human extinction.

    But lifting billions of people out of poverty while decarbonizing the world will be the biggest infrastructure buildout in human history.

    That is the real challenge—not the headlines, not the doomsday narratives, and not the political shouting.

    Climate is a scaling problem, and scaling requires capital, technology, and policy that makes clean energy bankable.

    Let’s break down Gates’ argument—and the piece everyone forgets to talk about.

    The world needs more energy, not less

    This is the truth almost nobody says out loud.

    • Global energy demand will more than double by 2050
    • Economic growth depends on electricity
    • The fastest way to reduce climate vulnerability is to make countries wealthier

    Gates puts it bluntly:

    “You can’t reduce emissions by keeping people poor.”

    If the goal is human welfare—not just carbon accounting—we need cheap, reliable, abundant power.

    That means:

    • Massive grid buildouts
    • Energy storage at scale
    • Distributed systems for the poorest regions
    • Manufacturing powered by clean energy, not coal

    You don’t get there by shrinking the energy supply.

    You get there by rebuilding it.

    The good news: technology is winning

    This part isn’t widely known outside of energy circles:

    • Solar and wind prices have dropped 90% in two decades
    • Storage is falling fast
    • In many regions, clean energy is the cheapest electricity on Earth

    Gates notes that in the past 10 years, projected global CO₂ emissions for 2040 have dropped over 40% due to innovation. That progress happened quietly and without enough credit.

    The climate story is no longer “renewables are too expensive.”

    The story is now:

    renewables scale fastest when the financing structure is bankable.

    That’s where policy and project finance matter.

    The bottleneck is no longer technology

    It’s capital, transmission, and bankable deals

    Breakthroughs exist:

    • Zero-emission steel
    • Clean cement
    • Green hydrogen
    • Low-carbon fertilizers
    • Methane-reducing livestock feed
    • Advanced nuclear
    • Industrial heat pumps

    But innovation without financing is just a lab result.

    Projects do not move without:

    ✅ predictable revenue

    ✅ risk mitigation

    ✅ creditworthy counterparties

    ✅ standardized contracts

    ✅ tax incentives that pencil for investors

    This is why U.S. tax-credit policy changed everything.

    By allowing transferability, credits became a real financial asset class—not just a tax-technical tool for large corporates.

    In many cases, this reduced the cost of capital and accelerated adoption.

    The hardest part ahead: scaling to poor countries

    Climate risk is not evenly distributed.

    Rich nations can adapt.

    Poor nations suffer most.

    But here’s the uncomfortable reality:

    If a nation cannot afford electricity, climate spending is irrelevant.

    To protect lives:

    • Energy must be cheap
    • Systems must be reliable
    • Financing must be accessible
    • Risk must be insurable

    A good climate strategy is also a good development strategy.

    Clean energy is not a luxury product—it’s critical infrastructure.

    Stop measuring success only in carbon

    This is where Gates is exactly right.

    If every climate conversation ends at “X tons of CO₂ avoided,” we’ve missed the point.

    The real metric is:

    • How many lives improved?
    • How many communities electrified?
    • How many people protected from heat waves, crop loss, and instability?
    • How many nations gained energy independence?

    Human welfare is the North Star.

    Carbon is just one variable.

    The takeaway: we don’t need fear

    We need scale

    Climate change is not an extinction scenario.

    It’s a buildout scenario.

    We will need:

    • Gigawatts of new generation
    • Terawatt-hours of storage
    • Steel, copper, transmission lines
    • Billions in capital
    • Insurance, indemnities, and offtake contracts
    • And a financing system that makes it profitable to build

    When clean energy makes financial sense, it scales.

    When it scales, people thrive.

    That’s the future worth betting on.

    Closing

    Gates is right to remind the world that this isn’t about apocalyptic doom.

    It’s about engineering, economics, and global development.

    The world doesn’t need less energy.

    It needs more energy—clean, abundant, reliable—and accessible to every nation.

    If we measure success by human welfare, we will solve climate faster than fear ever could.

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      Neil Winward

      Neil Winward is the founding partner of Dakota Ridge Captial, helping investors, developers, banks, non-profits, and family offices unlock massive tax savings - on average of 7%- 10% - via clean energy investments by fully leveraging U.S. government incentives such the Inflation Reduction Act.

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      When the Price Mechanism Breaks: What the Simon–Ehrlich Bet Gets Wrong About AI
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      When the Price Mechanism Breaks: What the Simon–Ehrlich Bet Gets Wrong About AI

      Neil Winward

      Why capital misprices time-based energy constraints in the age of exponential compute.

      In 1980, Julian Simon made one of the most famous bets in economic history.

      He bet that human ingenuity would defeat scarcity.

      Paul Ehrlich bet the opposite.

      Simon won.

      Commodity prices fell.

      Technology advanced.

      Supply responded.

      The lesson became doctrine:

      When prices rise, markets fix shortages.

      That belief now underpins trillions of dollars in capital allocation.

      It also underpins the AI boom.

      But here’s the question investors are not asking:

      What happens when prices can’t fix the bottleneck?

      This week, we’re not debating AI.

      We’re not debating energy transition.

      We’re not debating scarcity narratives.

      We’re examining something deeper:

      When does the price mechanism stop working — and what does that mean for portfolio construction?

      Inside this issue:

      • Where Simon still works
      • Where the mechanism slows
      • Where it structurally fails
      • And how to allocate when constraint becomes time-based, not price-based

      Because in 2026, the edge is not identifying demand.

      It’s identifying where capital hits physical delay.

      Continue reading for the full allocator framework.

      Read More
      When Bridges Become Collateral
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      When Bridges Become Collateral

      Neil Winward

      The Yen Carry Wobbles, China Steps Back, and Sovereign Duration Stops Feeling Frictionless

      Welcome to MacroMashup — where we track the plumbing beneath the headlines.

      We focus on funding markets, sovereign balance sheets, and the structural flows that determine which assets become collateral — and which become narratives.

      If you’re new here, subscribe for weekly macro breakdowns that connect policy, capital flows, and portfolio positioning — before the consequences become obvious.

      Calm Surface, Cracked Foundations

      This week’s macro tape looks calm on the surface.

      The Fed is in blackout mode, parked at 3.50–3.75%. No new dot plot. No press conference shock. Just a steady drip of inflation and labor data for markets to over-interpret.

      There is good and bad in the delayed non-farm payrolls numbers:

      • Good enough to push back on imminent recession/hard-landing narratives (headline beat, unemployment down, participation up).
      • Not good enough to erase the story of a materially cooled labor market once you incorporate the 2025 revisions (-900k) and very narrow sector leadership.
      • For markets: bullish for near-term risk sentiment vs "jobs scare" scenarios, but mildly bearish for front-end duration versus hopes of rapid cuts, with a tilt toward a slow-grind softening rather than a cliff.
      • January is a volatile month, and not that reliable.

      Equities rotate instead of breaking, though the AI scare continues to create anxiety at the white-collar end. The market is beginning to try picking winners and losers.

      The 10-year chops around.

      Nobody says they’re de-risking — but positioning keeps getting tighter.

      Then geopolitics delivers peak 2026 energy: a political standoff over a literal bridge.

      The Gordie Howe International Bridge — one of the most important trade crossings between Detroit and Windsor — is now a bargaining chip. The White House is threatening to block its opening unless the U.S. gets a “better deal,” up to and including revisiting permits.

      When a concrete span becomes leverage, you’re being reminded of something bigger:

      Critical infrastructure is no longer sacred.

      It’s collateral.

      Under the surface, the real story isn’t about bridges.

      It’s about who funds what — and who stops funding it.

      In this week’s Deep Dive for paid readers, we examine:

      • Why the yen carry trade just lost its training wheels
      • Why Japan’s bond market is no longer “sleepy”
      • Why China is quietly telling banks to temper Treasury exposure
      • And what happens when sovereign duration stops feeling frictionless

      Bitcoin bled lower this week, behaving less like digital gold and more like a liquidity-sensitive risk asset. Hard assets are beginning to diverge — some are collateral, some are narrative.

      The system is quietly repricing the difference.

      Read More
      Global Energy: Narrative vs. Reality
      MacroMashup Newsletter
      3

      Global Energy: Narrative vs. Reality

      Neil Winward

      Markets price stories. Energy prices physics. MacroMashup cuts through hype, coal reality, policy, and capital flows.

      Welcome to MacroMashup

      A systems-level briefing on markets, energy, geopolitics, and capital flows.

      MacroMashup is not a news recap.

      We don’t chase headlines, hot takes, or moral theater. We focus on constraints — the physical, financial, and political limits that actually shape markets before narratives catch up.

      Each edition connects:

      • Macro policy and market structure
      • Energy, infrastructure, and industrial reality
      • Capital flows across assets, regions, and regimes

      The goal isn’t prediction.

      It’s orientation — so you can see regime shifts forming while others are still arguing about stories.

      If you’re new here, start with the free section below.

      👉 Subscribe to MacroMashup to receive:

      • Weekly free macro briefings
      • Member-only deep dives into energy, policy, and capital allocation
      • Private audio notes framing how to read the week calmly

      Paid members get the full analysis, charts, and portfolio-level implications.

      Markets are trading stories. Energy is trading physics.

      The Fed met this week with one objective: don’t spook anyone.

      Policy remains nominally unchanged. The language is softer. Powell is stuck in the narrow corridor where inflation isn’t dead, growth isn’t dead — but political tolerance for pain very much is. The only thing reporters really wanted to talk about wasn’t policy at all. It was politics…

      And, it was succession.

      Rick Rieder at BlackRock is now widely seen as the front-runner to replace Powell, a signal that markets are already gaming the next regime rather than listening to the current one.

      Equities keep floating higher for the same reason they’ve been floating all year: relative attractiveness. Compared to everything else on the menu, stocks still look like the least-ugly chaos hedge.

      The real tell isn’t in equities.

      It’s in shiny rocks.

      • Gold north of $5,000 and silver above $110 isn’t about CPI prints. It’s about trust.
      • Central banks keep accumulating quietly.
      • Retail is finally noticing.
      • And silver’s industrial role in AI, solar, and electrification is turning a “store of value” into a supply-chain bottleneck.

      Meanwhile, Minnesota has become the unwilling focal point of America’s immigration psychodrama.

      The killing of Alex Pretti — an ICU nurse and U.S. citizen — by federal immigration officers in Minneapolis detonated a narrative shift. After video evidence dismantled the initial “terrorist” framing, the administration pivoted fast: reviews announced, Tom Homan dispatched, language softened.

      State officials are suing. Judges are weighing restraining orders. Even some Republicans are blinking at the optics.

      Layer in South Korea slow-rolling U.S. investment commitments — and getting tariff threats in response — and you’re watching an administration try to be pro-market, pro-tariff, tough on immigration, and allergic to viral video all at once.

      Then there’s industrial policy.

      Washington just wrote another check into the rare-earths casino: up to $277 million in direct support, plus a potential $1.3 billion in additional backing for USA Rare Earth — in exchange for equity and warrants. Venture logic, sovereign balance sheet.

      So where does that leave us?

      Here’s the MacroMashup snapshot:

      • Macro regime: shifting from “central banks in charge” to “fiscal math in charge.” Bond markets are slowly realizing they’re financing deficits politics won’t fix.
      • Policy reality: the tightening narrative is over. De-facto gradual monetization is in. Structurally negative real rates remain the path of least resistance.
      • Asset implications:
        • Tailwinds for hard assets, energy, commodities, and durable cash-flow businesses
        • Bitcoin should benefit eventually — but hasn’t yet
        • Headwinds for long-duration paper claims dependent on stable real yields
      • Market behavior:
        • Mega-caps and Treasuries can levitate on flows and AI narratives
        • Breadth is improving beneath the Mag 7
        • Volatility shocks are becoming a feature, not a bug
      • Capital rotation: slow but real movement away from concentrated U.S. duration risk toward:
        • Energy and commodities
        • Geographically diversified real assets
        • Balance sheets built for financial repression, not perfection

      That’s the surface.

      Now let’s dig into where the energy story breaks down — and why the narrative no longer matches the operating system.

      Read More
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